The Ceza Caves, on Ceza Mountain,
were the scene of the final act in Dinuzulu’s resistance
against the British annexation of Zululand. After the Anglo-Zulu War
of 1879, Zululand had been partitioned into 13 sections which were
parceled out to individual chiefs. To stem the chaos which erupted, Cetshwayo
was restored as Paramount Chief , but civil war broke out in
Zululand and his son Dinuzulu, succeeded him after his death
1884. The young king was placed in the care of the Usuthu
faction who established a refuge for him in caves located in the Ceza
Forest. Dinuzulu eventually defeated his rival Zibhebhu
with Boer aid and was installed as king The Boers then claimed the
land they had been promised for their services and, Dinuzulu
believing they wanted too much, appealed to the British for help.
Instead, the British annexed the whole of Zululand and Dinuzulu
retaliated in 1887 by mounting attacks against Zulus loyal to
Britain and trying to drive white traders and missionaries out of
Zululand.
The authorities in Natal appealed to the Cape for
help and, in 1888, 2000 British troops were sent to Eshowe to mount
operations against Dinuzulu, who was besieging a fort at the
mouth of the iMfolozi River. Six hundred men under the
command of Major McKean, of the 6th Royal Dragoons, and a young
officer called Robert Baden-Powell, marched to relieve the fort,
which occurred with little trouble. Baden-Powell was detailed to
track down Dinuzulu and eventually found him and his
followers sheltering in caves on Ceza mountain. They Zulus
managed to escape during the night before the attack and fled into
the Transvaal Republic. Dinuzulu realised that he could not
win against the British and surrendered to them some time later.